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| Country |
Area |
Population |
GDP / |
GDP |
People density |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albania | 28,748 km2 | 3,563,112 |
650 $ / |
2,316,022,800 $ | 124 |
| Andorra | 468 km2 | 70,549 |
17,700 $ / |
1,248,717,300 $ | 151 |
| Austria | 83,856 km2 | 8,184,691 |
23,380 $ / |
191,358,075,580 $ | 98 |
| Belarus | 207,600 km2 | 10,300,483 |
1,500 $ / |
15,450,724,500 $ | 50 |
| Belgium | 30,518 km2 | 10,364,388 |
21,000 $ / |
217,652,148,000 $ | 340 |
| Bosnia and Herzegowina | 51,129 km2 | 4,025,476 |
2,450 $ / |
9,862,416,200 $ | 79 |
| Bulgaria | 110,994 km2 | 7,450,349 |
1,675 $ / |
12,479,334,575 $ | 67 |
| Croatia | 56,538 km2 | 4,495,904 |
4,400 $ / |
19,781,977,600 $ | 80 |
| Cyprus | 9,251 km2 | 780,133 |
10,700 $ / |
8,347,423,100 $ | 84 |
| Czech Republic | 78,865 km2 | 10,241,138 |
3,030 $ / |
31,030,648,140 $ | 130 |
| Denmark | 43,093 km2 | 5,432,335 |
26,900 $ / |
146,129,811,500 $ | 126 |
| Estonia | 45,100 km2 | 1,332,893 |
1,900 $ / |
2,532,496,700 $ | 30 |
| Finland | 338,145 km2 | 5,223,442 |
21,750 $ / |
113,609,863,500 $ | 15 |
| France | 543,965 km2 | 60,656,178 |
21,600 $ / |
1,310,173,444,800 $ | 112 |
| Germany | 356,954 km2 | 82,431,390 |
23,520 $ / |
1,938,786,292,800 $ | 231 |
| Greece | 131,957 km2 | 10,668,354 |
7,750 $ / |
82,679,743,500 $ | 81 |
| Holy See (Vatican City State) | 0 km2 | 921 |
0 $ / |
0 $ | 2,093 |
| Hungary | 93,031 km2 | 10,006,835 |
3,775 $ / |
37,775,802,125 $ | 108 |
| Iceland | 103,000 km2 | 296,737 |
22,650 $ / |
6,721,093,050 $ | 3 |
| Ireland | 70,285 km2 | 4,015,676 |
12,990 $ / |
52,163,631,240 $ | 57 |
| Italy | 301,278 km2 | 58,103,033 |
17,650 $ / |
1,025,518,532,450 $ | 193 |
| Latvia | 64,500 km2 | 2,290,237 |
1,200 $ / |
2,748,284,400 $ | 36 |
| Liechtenstein | 160 km2 | 33,717 |
36,700 $ / |
1,237,413,900 $ | 211 |
| Lithuania | 65,200 km2 | 3,596,617 |
1,850 $ / |
6,653,741,450 $ | 55 |
| Luxembourg | 2,586 km2 | 468,571 |
31,300 $ / |
14,666,272,300 $ | 181 |
| Macedonia | 25,713 km2 | 2,045,262 |
1,800 $ / |
3,681,471,600 $ | 80 |
| Malta | 316 km2 | 398,534 |
8,950 $ / |
3,566,879,300 $ | 1,261 |
| Moldova | 33,700 km2 | 4,455,421 |
800 $ / |
3,564,336,800 $ | 132 |
| Monaco | 2 km2 | 32,409 |
16,200 $ / |
525,025,800 $ | 16,205 |
| Netherlands | 41,863 km2 | 16,407,491 |
20,420 $ / |
335,040,966,220 $ | 392 |
| Norway | 323,878 km2 | 4,593,041 |
25,500 $ / |
117,122,545,500 $ | 14 |
| Poland | 312,683 km2 | 38,635,144 |
1,885 $ / |
72,827,246,440 $ | 124 |
| Portugal | 92,389 km2 | 10,566,212 |
6,320 $ / |
66,778,459,840 $ | 114 |
| Romania | 237,500 km2 | 22,329,977 |
915 $ / |
20,431,928,955 $ | 94 |
| Russian Federation | 17,075,400 km2 | 143,420,309 |
2,100 $ / |
301,182,648,900 $ | 8 |
| San Marino | 61 km2 | 30,800 |
17,500 $ / |
539,000,000 $ | 505 |
| Serbia and Montenegro | 102,173 km2 | 10,829,175 |
3,075 $ / |
33,299,713,125 $ | 106 |
| Slovakia | 49,035 km2 | 5,431,363 |
2,420 $ / |
13,143,898,460 $ | 111 |
| Slovenia | 20,251 km2 | 2,011,070 |
6,750 $ / |
13,574,722,500 $ | 99 |
| Spain | 504,783 km2 | 40,341,462 |
12,180 $ / |
491,359,007,160 $ | 80 |
| Sweden | 449,964 km2 | 9,001,774 |
22,700 $ / |
204,340,269,800 $ | 20 |
| Switzerland | 41,293 km2 | 7,489,370 |
34,600 $ / |
259,132,202,000 $ | 181 |
| Turkey | 779,452 km2 | 69,660,559 |
2,350 $ / |
163,702,313,650 $ | 89 |
| Ukraine | 603,700 km2 | 47,425,336 |
1,100 $ / |
52,167,869,600 $ | 79 |
| United Kingdom | 244,110 km2 | 59,553,800 |
16,300 $ / |
970,726,940,000 $ | 244 |
The collapse of the division between eastern and western Europe at the end of the 1980s, and the ever closer ties among the fifteen countries of the European Union, have contributed to a feeling that Europe is increasingly becoming a single entity. In part, this is a superficial analysis, but although true European unity still remains a distant dream, developments such as the introduction of the euro, the creation of the frontier-free Schengen Group and the opening of the Channel Tunnel have done much to bring it closer. The expected 2004 expansion of the EU (see box on p.vii) will no doubt contribute to the process.
Conventionally, the geographical boundaries of Europe are the Ural Mountains in the east, the Atlantic Coast in the north and west, and the Mediterranean in the south. However, within these rough parameters Europe is massively diverse. The environment changes radically within very short distances, with bleak mountain ranges never far from broad, fertile plains, and deep, ancient forests close to scattered lake systems or river gorges. Politically and ethnically, too, it is an extraordinary patchwork: Slavic peoples are scattered through central Europe from Poland in the north to Serbia and Bulgaria in the south; the Finnish and Estonian languages bear no resemblance to the tongues of their Baltic and Scandinavian neighbours, but more to that of Hungary, over 1000km south; meanwhile Romansch, akin to ancient Latin, is spoken in the valleys of southeastern Switzerland, while the Basques of the western Pyrenees have a language unrelated to any others known. These differences have become more political of late with the rise of nationalism that coincided with the fall of Communism, and borders are even now being redrawn, not always peacefully, and usually along lines of language, race or religion.